Jerry and Sue McLain at Fairbanks

Left:  Sandbars in the Chena and Tanana Rivers.
Inset:  Spruce trees along the Chena River, some leaning at crazy angles.  In Denali:A Living Tapestry, author Andromeda Romano-Lax describes "Drunken" trees, "a phenomenon caused by the freezing and thawing of the discontinuous permafrost--pockets of frozen ground--inches below the forest floor."

     Sandbars, ever changing navigation hazards, require that riverboat pilots constantly study the shifting bottoms of the Chena and Tanana Rivers.

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smclain@phloxp.com